1. The story of untruth ; Defining propaganda and misinformation
The history of "fake news" in America / Karen Yuan and Matt Peterson, The Atlantic
"Disinformation" is the word of the year
and a sign of what's to come / Geoff Nunerg, NPR
How Woodrow Wilson's propaganda machine changes American journalism / Christopher B. Daly, The Conversation
What the pope gets wrong about fake news / Jack Shafer, Politico
Nineteenth-century nihilists foretold our era / Robert Zaretsky, Foreign Affairs
A short guide to the history of "fake news" and disinformation / Julie Posetti and Alice Matthews, International Center for Journalists
2. Our current media environments ; Fake news, the coronavirus, and the 2020 election
NPR Poll: Majority of Americans believe Trump encourages election interference / Brett Neely, NPR
Trump's favorite tabloid worried its Saudi propaganda was as bad as it looked / Bess Levin, Vanity Fair
CNN vs. Fox: why these two cable networks can't stop talking about each other / Paul Farhi, The Washington Post
Social media struggles to counter coronavirus misinformation / Emily Birnbaum and Chris Mills Rodrigo, The Hill
Clinton backer at Facebook debunks Clinton claims / James Freeman, The Wall Street Journal
The propagandist and the censor / Andrew Stuttaford, National Review
3. The effects of propaganda ; The subtle influence of misinformation
Why do people fall for fake news? / Gordon Pennycook and David Rand, The New York Times
Why the hysteria around the "Fake news epidemic" is a distraction / Cas Mudde, The Guardian
The myth of the echo chamber / Elizabeth Dubois and Grant Blank, The Conversation
The real consequences of fake news / Dominik Stecula, The Conversation
Echo chambers may not be as dangerous as you think, new study finds / Science Daily
4. Big tech and the new AI ; AI, bots and regulation
Not your father's bots / Sarah Kreps and Miles McCain, Foreign Affairs
Google's algorithm isn't biased, it's just not human / Noam Cohen, Wired
Why the fight against disinformation, sham accounts and trolls won't be any easier in 2020 / Alexandre S. Levine, Nancy Scola, Steven Overly and Cristiano Lima, Politico
The information war is on: are we ready for it? / Renee Diresta, Wired
Detecting fake news at its source / Adam Conner-Simons, MIT News
We're fighting fake news AI bots by using more AI: That's a mistake / Samuel Woolley, MIT Technology Review
How social networks set the limits of what we can say online / Tarleton Gillespie, Wired
5. Navigating misinformation ; Ways to combat fake news
SPJ Code of Ethics / Society of Professional Journalists
How to help kids navigate fake news and misinformation online / Joanne Orlando, The Conversation
A college reading list for the post-truth era / Michael T. Nietzel, Forbes
10 Journalism brands where you find real facts rather than alternative facts / Paul Glader, Forbes - Fact checkers say these are the best fact-checks they did during this decade / Cristina Tardaguila, The Poynter Institute.
