The Arab economies in a changing world

Addressing the challenge

Growth, productivity, and income

Identifying the comparators

Relative international performance

Domestic growth over time

Investment and growth

Sources of differences in growth rates

Welfare, happiness, and discontent

Social indicators

Happiness

Discontent

The demographic challenge and the role of globalization

Demographic changes

Employment generation and productivity growth

International trade performance

Capital flows

Financial-market development

Labor force absorption

Religion, institutions, and growth

Religious affiliation and growth across countries

Legal systems and growth

Corruption and growth

Economic policies and their effects

Policies in Arab economies

Measuring policy effects

Technology and productivity growth

Interaction of education and technology

Attitudes, interest groups, and reform

Popular attitudes

Elite attitudes

Impediments to reform

The Pew Survey

Global engagement

Membership in multilateral institutions

The role of preferential arrangements

Select regional organizations US preferential trade arrangements with select Arab countries

Risk, credibility, and supply response

Domestic entrepreneurship

Reversing the brain drain

Role of foreign investment

Affinity, democracy, and risk

Authoritarianism, uncertainty, and prospects for change

Path to political reform

Implications for international exchange

Prospects for change

Quantitative modeling of political regimes

Identifying the constraints

Designing solutions: an example

Political economy of reform.