Locus of authority: the evolution of faculty roles in the governance of higher education

1. Introduction

2. Historical Overview, Part 1, From the Beginnings to World War II

Antecedents in Europe and Colonial America

The Emergence of the Research University

Control of Faculty Personnel Decisions and Issues of Academic Freedom

World War I and the Interwar Years

3. Historical Overview, Part 2, World War II to the Present

World War II and the Growth of Sponsored Research

The "Red Scare" and the Loyalty Oath Controversies

The Explosive Expansion of Higher Education, Leading to the "Golden Age" of the 1960s

Protests and Rebellions

Retrenchment in the 1970s and Subsequent Ups and Downs

The Real Estate "Bubble" Breaks and Fiscal/Political Realities Take Hold (or Do They?)

The Impact of Experiments with Online Learning

The Pathways Initiative at CUNY

4. Faculty Roles Today and Tomorrow, Topical Issues

The Selection and Tenure of the President

The Faculty Appointment Process : Criteria and Decision-Making Authority

The Role of the Faculty in Giving Advice of All Kinds

The Role of Faculty in Staffing Decisions and the Rise of Non-Tenure-Track Faculty (the New Majority)

Faculty Responsibility for Maintaining Academic Standards in Admissions, Curricular Content, and Student Performance

Control over New Teaching Methods: Online Learning

5. Overarching Challenges

Confronting Trade-offs and the Need for Upfront Consideration of Costs

Aligning Roles and Responsibilities

Coping with an Ever-Changing Academic Landscape

Clarifying Notions of "Academic Freedom"

Rethinking "Shared Governance"

Case Studies

Introduction to the Case Studies

The University of California

Princeton University

Macalester College

The City University of New York.