Traumatic brain injury: rehabilitation for everyday adaptive living

List of illustrations

Preface to the first edition

Preface to the second edition

Acknowledgments

1. Mechanisms, recovery and sequelae of traumatic brain injury: A foundation for the REAL approach / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Neuroimaging and TBI

Recovery from TBI

Impairment of consciousness

Ongoing sensorimotor disabilities

Cognitive and behavioural sequelae

Consequences of neurobehavioural sequelae for rehabilitation and outcome

Summary and conclusions

Principles underlying successful rehabilitation following TBI - the REAL approach

2. Assessing and managing impairment of consciousness following TBI / Pamela Snow / Jennie Ponsford

Coma

Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)

Making the transition to oral feeding

Vegetative and minimally conscious states after severe TBI

Neuroimaging: CT, MRI, fMRI, SPECT

Electrophysiological studies

Clinical measurement tools for use with patients who are in a vegetative or minimally responsive state

Helping the family of the patient in a minimally conscious state or vegetative state

3. Assessment of participation, activity and cognition following TBI / Sue Sloan / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Participation following TBI

Assessment of impairment of cognitive function

The role of neuropsychological assessment in the rehabilitation process

Case report - Robert

Case report - Sandra

4. Managing cognitive problems following TBI / Sue Sloan / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Approaches to cognitive rehabilitation

Managing memory difficulties

Managing executive dysfunction

Influence of self-awareness and insight

Applying functional skills training directly in everyday activities and settings

Conclusions from the research to date

Evaluating the impact of interventions

Clinical application of Rehabilitation for Everyday Adaptive Living (REAL)

Case report - Sandra

Case report - Peter

Case report - George

Case report - Bradley

Conclusions

5. Communication competence following TBI: Assessment and management / Pamela Snow

Communication and TBI: An overview

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and communication competence after TBI

Communicative competence after TBI: An "iceberg" model

Social cognition: Theory of Mind, social inferencing and reading facial expressions

Conversational and narrative discourse skills

Assessing communicative competence: A "top down" approach

Conversational assessment

Using the principles of the REAL approach to improve communicative competence

Case report - Tom

Conclusion

6. Assessment and management of behaviour problems / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Education and involvement of staff and family

Assessment of behaviour problems

Pharmacological treatment of behaviour problems

Contextual approaches to behaviour problems

Contingency management approaches

Positive behaviour interventions and supports

Applications of environmental and behavioural approaches to problems commonly encountered in a general rehabilitation unit

Suggested guidelines for dealing with some behaviour problems encountered following TBI

Applications of behavioural techniques to achieve therapeutic goals

Management of behaviour problems in community settings

Case report - Tim

Case report - Chris

Case report - Andrea

Conclusions

7. Returning to the community / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Living skills and accommodation

Case report - Craig

Return to employment

Case report - Mark

Case report - Steve

Returning to tertiary study

Case report - Raymond

Avocational interests

Friendships

Driver assessment and rehabilitation

Conclusions

8. Dealing with the impact of TBI on psychological adjustment and relationships / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Emotional reactions to moderate and severe TBI

Self-awareness and self-esteem following TBI

Approaches to therapy for specific emotional or interpersonal problems

Depression following TBI

Anxiety Disorders following TBI

Substance abuse

Anger management

Marital and relationship problems

Sexuality following TBI

Case report - Danielle

Case report - Julie 257

Case report - Michael

Conclusions

9. Working with families / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Common family responses to TBI

The impact of TBI on marital, sibling and parent-child relationships

Sources of stress on families following TBI

Methods of coping with TBI in the family

How to help families

Advocacy and support agencies

Legal issues

Case report - Abdul

Conclusions

10. Traumatic brain injury in children / Jennie Ponsford

Introduction

Causes of injury

Pathophysiology

Pre-disposing factors

Recovery

Cognitive sequelae of mild TBI in children

Cognitive deficits displayed by children following moderate or severe TBI

Interaction between age and recovery

Scholastic performance Following TBI

Behavioural and psychiatric sequelae of TBI in children

Summary of differences between TBI in children and adults

The REAL approach to assessment and rehabilitation of children with TBI

Case report - Laura

Case report - Chris

Family needs

Conclusions

References

Author index

Subject index