On human nature in early Judaism: creation, composition, and condition

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Sigla

Introduction : Towards a Portrait of Human Nature in Early Judaism

Introduction

State of Research

Rationale and Method of the Present Study

The Plan of the Present Study

Theoretical Issues

Of Image, Earth, and Dust : The Emergence of Creation Topoi to Depict Human Nature in Early Judaism

Introduction

Qohelet

Ben Sira

Wisdom of Solomon

The Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides

Conclusion

From Image and Earth to Dust : The Growth of the Use of Creation Topoi and the Amplification of Human Lowliness

Introduction

Philo of Alexandria

Testament of Naphtali

4 Ezra

Hodayot

Excursus : "Mother and her Seven Sons" in 2 Maccabees 7

Conclusion

Describing Body, Soul, and Spirit : Examining Humanity's Composition

Introduction

Describing the Body

Ben Sira

Wisdom of Solomon

Josephus

1 Enoch

The Testament of Abraham B

Excursus : Anthropological Trichotomy and the Composition of Humankind in the Second Temple Period

Conclusion

Internal and External Disturbance : Body-Soul Dualism through the Lens of Psychic Strife

Introduction

Hodayot

Jewish Apotropaic Prayers

Conclusion

Mapping the Human Condition : Free Will and the Inclination(s) to Sin

Introduction

Free Will in Ben Sira, Psalms of Solomon, the Damascus Document (CD), and Josephus

Inclination(s) and the Human Condition

Conclusion

A Predetermined Condition : Humanity's Double Duality, Nothingness, and "Fleshly" State

Introduction

The "Treatise of the Two Spirits" (1QS 3:13-4:26)

Human Condition in the Hymn of Praise (1QS 10:9-11:22)

Musar le-Mevin and the "Fleshly" Condition

Conclusion

Human Nature in Early Judaism

Introduction

Collective Humanity as a Creation

A Composition in Parts

Discretion and Determination of the Human Condition

A Synthesis : The Story of Human Nature in Ancient Judaism

The Dualism of Flesh and Spirit?

Obedience and Sin

God and Humanity

Further Studies in Early Judaism

Opening the Door to Studies in the New Testament and Rabbinic Judaism

Bibliography

Subject Index

Ancient Source Index.